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This is the oldest known copy of the “Ashem Vohu” prayer which is one of the two most important prayers in the Zoroastrian religion. It translates as - “Righteousness is the best good. It is radiant happiness. Radiant happiness comes to the person to whom righteousness is for the sake of best righteousness alone.” ‘Righteousness’ is a translation of the eastern Iranic Avestan word ‘Asha’. In Zoroastrianism, ‘Asha’ is the universal law that stands for order, evolution, progress and perfection as ordained by the creator (per Ali A. Jafarey) The prayer is written in the ancient Sogdian language. Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian land in Central Asia that sat in the periphery of the ancient Achaemenid, Parthian and Sassanian empires (see map in slide 2). Sogdiana was located at the nexus of a diverse array of ancient civilizations and was a key region for trade on the Silk Road, especially its capital of Samarkand. Its geographical position made it a center of multiculturalism which nurtured development of the arts including fashion and music (See Sogdian musicians in slide 3). Although its people were predominantly Iranian Zoroastrians, they accepted and promoted a multitude of religions which included Buddhism, Manichaeism and Christianity. This copy of the Ashem Vohu prayer is dated to the 8th - 9th century A.D.. This demonstrates that the Sogdians maintained their Zoroastrian religion after the Islamic conquests of Iran and Central Asia. Slide 4 shows a painting of Mangonel (traction trebuchet) being operated by Muslim Arab invaders who sieged and conquered the Sogdian capital of Samarkand between 711-721 A.D.. The painting is from the citadel of Panjakent which sat at the base of the Pamir mountains and was one of the last strongholds of the independent Sogdians after the collapse of the Sassanian empire. In slide 5 you can see vaulted arch brickwork which is virtually identical in construction to ancient Sassanian Zoroastrian fire temples such as Ardashir I’s fire temple Piruzabad, Iran. #history #Zoroastrianism #sogdiana #architecture #religion #language #iran
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